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Irregularity of distributions
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Irregularity of distributions : ウィキペディア英語版
Irregularity of distributions
The irregularity of distributions problem, stated first by Hugo Steinhaus, is a numerical problem with a surprising result. The problem is to find ''N'' numbers, x_1,\ldots,x_N, all between 0 and 1, for which the following conditions hold:
* The first two numbers must be in different halves (one less than 1/2, one greater than 1/2).
* The first 3 numbers must be in different thirds (one less than 1/3, one between 1/3 and 2/3, one greater than 2/3).
* The first 4 numbers must be in different fourths.
* The first 5 numbers must be in different fifths.
* etc.
Mathematically, we are looking for a sequence of real numbers
:x_1,\ldots,x_N
such that for every ''n'' ∈  and every ''k'' ∈  there is some ''i'' ∈  such that
:\frac \leq x_i < \frac.
== Solution ==

The surprising result is that there is a solution up to ''N'' = 17, but starting at ''N'' = 18 and above it is impossible. A possible solution for ''N'' ≤ 17 is shown diagrammatically on the right; numerically it is as follows:
:
\begin
x_ & = 0.029 \\
x_ & = 0.971 \\
x_ & = 0.423 \\
x_ & = 0.71 \\
x_ & = 0.27 \\
x_ & = 0.542 \\
x_ & = 0.852 \\
x_ & = 0.172 \\
x_ & = 0.62 \\
x_ & = 0.355 \\
x_ & = 0.774 \\
x_ & = 0.114 \\
x_ & = 0.485 \\
x_ & = 0.926 \\
x_ & = 0.207 \\
x_ & = 0.677 \\
x_ & = 0.297
\end

In this example, considering for instance the first 5 numbers, we have
: 0 < x_1 < \frac < x_5 < \frac < x_3 < \frac < x_4 < \frac < x_2 < 1.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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